大独裁者 The Great Dictator

基本介绍：

《大独裁者》是由查理·卓别林为导演，并携手宝莲·高黛主演的一部电影，于1940年首映。这是查理·卓别林的第一部有声电影。
影片假借第二次世界大战的背景，刻划了一个残酷迫害犹太人，企图统治全世界的大独裁者。卓别林在人物造型上非常明显地仿照法西斯头子希特勒，并通过表演对这个人物进行辛辣的讽刺。
1997年，本片被美国国会图书馆的美国国家电影登记处列为“在文化、历史和艺术上具有重大意义的电影”。

获奖情况：

第13届奥斯卡金像奖 最佳影片(提名)
第13届奥斯卡金像奖 最佳男主角(提名) 查理·卓别林
第13届奥斯卡金像奖 最佳男配角(提名) 杰克·奥克
第13届奥斯卡金像奖 最佳原创剧本(提名) 查理·卓别林
第13届奥斯卡金像奖 最佳原创配乐(提名) 梅雷迪思·威尔森

其它信息：

1940黑白片128分钟
美国查尔斯·卓别林影片公司摄制
编导：查尔斯·卓别林　摄影：托塞罗　卡尔·斯屈鲁斯　主要演员：查尔斯·卓别林（饰犹太理发师/兴格尔）　宝莲·高黛（饰哈娜）　雷齐那尔·迦尔地纳（饰修尔兹）　贾克·奥凯（饰拿帕隆尼）　皮莱·吉尔勃脱（饰海林）　亨利·达尼尔（饰迦别许）

英文简介：

Dictator Adenoid Hynkel tries to expand his empire while a poor Jewish barber tries to avoid persecution from Hynkel’s regime.

谷歌翻译，仅供参考

剧照欣赏：

最火台词：

[last lines]

A Jewish Barber: I’m sorry, but I don’t want to be an emperor. That’s not my business. I don’t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone if possible; Jew, Gentile, black man, white. We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each other’s happiness, not by each other’s misery. We don’t want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone, and the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way. Greed has poisoned men’s souls, has barricaded the world with hate, has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical; our cleverness, hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity. More than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost. The airplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in men; cries out for universal brotherhood; for the unity of us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world, millions of despairing men, women, and little children, victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. To those who can hear me, I say, do not despair. The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed, the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress. The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish. Soldiers! Don’t give yourselves to brutes, men who despise you, enslave you; who regiment your lives, tell you what to do, what to think and what to feel! Who drill you, diet you, treat you like cattle, use you as cannon fodder. Don’t give yourselves to these unnatural men – machine men with machine minds and machine hearts! You are not machines, you are not cattle, you are men! You have the love of humanity in your hearts! You don’t hate! Only the unloved hate; the unloved and the unnatural. Soldiers! Don’t fight for slavery! Fight for liberty! In the seventeenth chapter of St. Luke, it is written that the kingdom of God is within man, not one man nor a group of men, but in all men! In you! You, the people, have the power, the power to create machines, the power to create happiness! You, the people, have the power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure. Then in the name of democracy, let us use that power. Let us all unite. Let us fight for a new world, a decent world that will give men a chance to work, that will give youth a future and old age a security. By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But they lie! They do not fulfill that promise. They never will! Dictators free themselves but they enslave the people. Now let us fight to fulfill that promise. Let us fight to free the world! To do away with national barriers! To do away with greed, with hate and intolerance! Let us fight for a world of reason, a world where science and progress will lead to all men’s happiness. Soldiers, in the name of democracy, let us all unite! Hannah, can you hear me? Wherever you are, look up Hannah! The clouds are lifting! The sun is breaking through! We are coming out of the darkness into the light! We are coming into a new world; a kindlier world, where men will rise above their hate, their greed, and brutality. Look up, Hannah! The soul of man has been given wings and at last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the rainbow! Into the light of hope, into the future! The glorious future, that belongs to you, to me and to all of us. Look up, Hannah. Look up!

Mr. Jaeckel: Hannah, did you hear that?

Hannah: Listen…

（全部台词）

幕后花絮：

1、卓别林在片中同时扮演两名重要角色，因为他们有一两个共同点：留有一撮小胡子，都是矮个子。这是英国制片家亚历山大·柯达给出的建议。
2、《大独裁者》在拍摄期间曾经受到了德国外交人员和美国法西斯组织的施压，但卓别林依然不改初衷，公开向纳粹挑战。
3、为了拍摄影片，卓别林苦练正步。
4、卓别林扮演的希特勒的演讲满口都是类似德语的胡言乱语，可以听出德语的“炸肉排”、“泡菜”和“肝肠”。实际上，那些言辞毫无意义，只是对希特勒演讲风格的莫大嘲讽。
5、影片中的地球舞源于20年代末，在好莱坞派对上，卓别林曾与一个地球仪和一顶普鲁士头盔共舞。
6、电影的最后一幕应该是两支敌对的军队在一起跳舞，后来因为技术上的问题而放弃了，卓别林临时改为演讲。

媒体评价：

《大独裁者》是卓别林最为成功的电影之一，由他自导自演，影片以第二次世界大战为背景，刻画了残酷迫害犹太人的大独裁者亨克尔，这个企图统治世界的亨克尔暗喻纳粹头子希特勒，卓别林在人物造型上非常明显地模仿希特勒，并巧妙地通过个人演说对他进行了辛辣的嘲讽和鞭挞。这部影片上映于希特勒气焰最为嚣张的1940年，尤其对希特勒辛辣的嘲讽并不是一般人所能做到的。这部影片在拍摄之前就被施压，但卓别林毫不让步，并在巴黎的报纸上登出该片的主要剧情，公开向纳粹挑战，并称，“当希特勒在煽起疯狂的时候，他必须受到嘲笑”，卓别林的这种做法需要极大的勇气，让人钦佩。 这部电影问世后希特勒虽然明知挨骂，但仍然坚持观看，这部电影让他十分愤怒。

《大独裁者》是卓别林第一部有声电影，这是他首次完成的由无声影片向有声影片的转变，作为演员，卓别林他独特的融合舞蹈与杂技的身体语言，对后世的喜剧影片和喜剧演员产生了深远的影响；作为一名电影工作者，他是影史上最早自编自导自演的人，他杰出的电影才华在无声影片领域得到了完美的体现，为电影和观众留下了宝贵的财富和经典的时刻，在卓别林54年的演艺生涯中，共拍摄了80多部作品，其中有67部是他30岁之前拍成的，除了5部有声电影，其余都是无声电影。
在卓别林的世界里，语言已经成为多余，在有声电影纵横的时间里，他仍然坚持拍摄默片，并拍摄出了《城市之光》和《摩登时代》这样的杰出的作品，这部《大独裁者》终于让他在银幕上张口，这一次张口他滔滔不绝的发表了属于自己的演讲，在所谓独裁者的“祝捷大会”上发表的长篇演讲，大有决堤般喷涌而出的气势，是电影史上最为杰出、精彩的演讲。（紫岑 评）

影史钩沉：

• 1940年，卓别林在宣传[大独裁者]时进行了一次面向全国的广播演讲。当时美国还没有参战，所以演讲当晚，大厅里有不少纳粹分子故意捣乱，这让卓别林更加紧张，不得不暂停下来喝口水，但是大厅里却连一滴水也找不到，直到有人用一个纸袋递了点水给他，他才坚持完成了演讲。
• 卓别林让妻子宝莲·高黛在[大独裁者]中扮演一清洁工，坚持要她洗刷整个场景的地板，如果拒绝，他就停止拍摄直到她答应。不过两年之后的离婚仍然是平静愉快的，卓别林还签署了一份慷慨的离婚协议。到六十年代，退休的两人都住在瑞士，却从未联系过，仅有的一次会面也是因为在咖啡馆偶然遇到。
• 1940年的影片[大独裁者]是卓别林讽刺希特勒的无厘头经典。但是由于政治敏感，影片在当时的德国及所有纳粹统治区都被禁止传播，但是出于好奇心，希特勒本人还是搞到了一张拷贝，偷偷在家看。卓别林听说这件事后，表示愿意付出任何代价了解希特勒的观后感，可惜对此，全无史料记载。 ​​​​

（《看电影》杂志）

图书摘录：

林的第一部有声片，拍摄于希特勒气焰最为嚣张之时，片中对希特勒大加误刺，显示其道德勇气可嘉的一面。剧情描述犹太人理发师查理，因为独裁者兴杰尔对犹太人下达了逮捕令而东躲西藏。不料在奥国边境却被驻守在那里的德军误认为他就是兴杰尔于是他趁机做了一场维护民主的大演说。（周黎明《西片碟中碟》）