amnesia
基本释义
[noun] a partial or total loss of memory
[名词] 记忆部分或全部丧失
深入解读
Amnesia 一词源自希腊语 amnesia （健忘），于18世纪末进入英语后即用来表示“记忆丧失、健忘（症）”，主要指由于脑损伤、休克、疲劳、压抑或疾病等导致的记忆部分或全部丧失，比如：
- 那次令人疲乏的长途旅程后，他患了失忆症，发作了几次。
After the long and weary journey he suffered periods of amnesia.
失忆除了部分失忆或全部失忆以外，还有选择性失忆（selective amnesia），即受到外部刺激、心理压力或者脑损伤后，遗忘了一些自己不愿意记得的或者逃避的人或事物。
从这个概念出发， amnesia 常进一步引申指选择性地忽略或忽视对自己的目的或地位不利的或无用的事件或行为，比如：
- 经历了这场战争的惨败之后，他们似乎对该国持续时间最长的军事冲突产生了一种故意的遗忘，这种健忘症持续了近十年。
After the debacle of the war, they seemed to develop a willful forgetfulness about the nation’s longest military conflict, an amnesia that lasted for nearly a decade.
好书例句
But how convenient this amnesia is, how much it excuses!
这种遗忘症是多方便，能用它为多少事情作挡箭牌呀！
出自印裔英国作家萨尔曼·鲁西迪（Salman Rushdie，又译萨尔曼·拉什迪）在1981年出版的长篇小说《午夜之子》（Midnight’s Children）。
外刊例句
- He concluded that selective amnesia took hold soon after the war, as victors told their version of history, and the British displayed their genius for forgetting defeats.
他得出结论说，在战后很快会出现这种选择性失忆：胜利者会讲述自己版本的历史，而英国人则展现出了忘却失败的才华。
——《经济学人》 - Oh, and she has amnesia and doesn’t remember Toretto.
噢，她得了失忆症，不记得托雷托了。
——《纽约时报》
常见短语
amnesia 是一个名词，指的是记忆丧失或记忆缺失的状态。它可以由脑部损伤、药物、创伤或其他因素引起。以下是关于 “amnesia” 的详细用法和一些短语：
用法示例：
- He suffered from retrograde amnesia after the accident and couldn’t remember the events leading up to it. (他在事故后患上了逆行性遗忘，无法记得事故前的事件。)
- The patient’s selective amnesia prevented him from recalling specific traumatic events. (患者的选择性遗忘使他无法回忆起特定的创伤事件。)
- The movie tells the story of a man with amnesia who tries to piece together his past. (这部电影讲述了一个患有遗忘症的人努力拼凑他的过去的故事。)
- The accident left her with temporary amnesia, and she couldn’t recognize her own family members. (事故导致她暂时性失忆，无法认出自己的家人。)
- The athlete’s head injury caused amnesia, and he couldn’t recall the details of the game. (运动员的头部受伤导致遗忘症，他无法回忆起比赛的细节。)
- The novel explores the theme of identity and amnesia through the protagonist’s struggle to regain his memories. (这部小说通过主人公努力恢复记忆的斗争，探索了身份和遗忘症的主题。)
- The detective suspected that the suspect’s claim of amnesia was a convenient excuse. (侦探怀疑嫌疑人声称遗忘症只是一个方便的借口。)
- The patient underwent therapy to address his amnesia and improve his memory function. (患者接受了治疗，以应对他的遗忘症并改善记忆功能。)
- The cause of his amnesia remains unknown, and doctors are conducting further tests. (他的遗忘症的原因尚不清楚，医生正在进行进一步的测试。)
- The character’s amnesia added an element of mystery to the storyline, as he tried to uncover his forgotten past. (角色的遗忘症为故事情节增添了神秘感，因为他试图揭开自己遗忘的过去。)
其他短语：
- Anterograde amnesia: 顺行性遗忘
- Transient global amnesia: 短暂性全面遗忘
- Post-traumatic amnesia: 创伤后遗忘
- Drug-induced amnesia: 药物诱发的遗忘
- Psychogenic amnesia: 心因性遗忘
- Amnesia episode: 遗忘发作
- Fugue state: 遗忘性漫游
- Amnestic disorder: 记忆障碍症
- Amnesia retrograde: 逆行性遗忘
- Selective amnesia: 选择性遗忘
- Amnesia-induced confusion: 遗忘引起的困惑
- Partial amnesia: 部分性遗忘
- Total amnesia: 全面性遗忘
- Psychogenic fugue: 心因性漫游
- Traumatic amnesia: 创伤性遗忘
同近义词
forgetfulness: lapse of memory
oblivion: the state of being forgotten, especially by the public
blackout: a temporary loss of memory during a period of alcohol intoxication
