它们不仅拥有我们具有的5种感觉
They not only possess the 5 senses we do –
视觉 听觉 触觉 嗅觉 味觉
sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste –
还能感知电流
but can also perceive electrical currents
和磁场
and magnetic fields.
如果我们和它们在水下
If we’re in the water with them,
它们在几英里外就能感知到我们的存在
they can detect our presence from miles away.
它们能监测到我们的心跳
They can monitor the beating of our heart…
还能读懂我们的情绪
..and read our mood.
涉及到人类时 它们通常是谨慎的生物
When it comes to humans, they are normally cautious creatures.
只要有可能 它们会避开我们
Whenever possible, they avoid us.
原因很明显
With good reason.
每年超过1亿条鲨鱼被杀
Every year, over 100 million sharks are killed,
这主要是为了它们的鳍
the majority just for their fins.
鱼翅是亚洲汤的传统配菜
Their fins are a traditional ingredient in Asian soup
其价值相当于鱼子酱
and their value rivals caviar.
鲨鱼被割去鱼鳍时还活着
The sharks are often finned alive
被扔回海里后才溺死
and thrown back into the water to drown.
由于过度捕捞
One third of all open-ocean shark species are now facing extinction,
所有公海鲨鱼中 有1/3的种类已濒临灭绝
primarily due to over-fishing.
如果说海洋里有杀戮机器的话 不是它们
So if there is a killing machine in our seas, it’s not them,
而是我们
it’s us.
所以鲨鱼都受到威胁
No shark is safe,
即使是最大的鲨鱼 鲸鲨
not even the biggest of them all, the whale shark.
长达15米 重达12吨♥ 它们令人印象深刻
Up to 15 meters long and 12 tons in weight, they’re an impressive sight.
它们是严格的滤食性动物 主要以浮游生物为食
But they’re strictly filter feeders and dine mostly on plankton.
令人难以置信的是 它们也是非法捕鱼的受害者
Unbelievably, they are also victims of illegal fishing.
鲸鲨不是鲸而是鲨鱼
Whale sharks are not actually whales but sharks.
小须鲸才是游历在珊瑚礁中的真正的鲸鱼
True whales that visit the reefs include these, the minke.
但这些优雅的动物竟然也被人类捕杀
Incredibly, these graceful animals are still being harpooned.
无论如何 它们是那样信任我们
What trust they show us, regardless.
在我们开始掠夺海洋之前 它们是这个样子
Before we began to plunder the seas, this is what they were like.
连接着深渊与海面
Linking the abyss with the surface,
层层叠叠 银光闪闪
layer upon layer of shimmering silver.
大型鱼群是健康海洋的标志形象
A big school of fish is a defining image of a healthy sea.
这是力量和惊人适应性的展示
It’s a show of strength and incredible physiological adaptation.
大多数鱼从头部到尾部
Running head to tail in most fish
有一排鱼鳞叫做侧线
is a row of scales known as the lateral line.
这条连接到脑神经的线
Connected to nerves in the brain,
包含有特殊的细胞
this line consists of specialized cells
对水的位移及运动很敏感
that are sensitive to water displacement and movement.
同时 鱼眼长在头部两侧
Meanwhile, fishes’ eyes are located on the sides of their heads
使它容易看清自己同其它鱼的位置关系
to make it easy to see where they are in relation to one another.
所以 视力有助于保持鱼儿之间的角度和距离
So, vision helps maintain angle and distance between fish,
侧线则决定了整个鱼群的速度和方向
while the lateral line dictates speed and direction of the entire school.
这样 许多鱼可以作为整体来行动
In this way, many fish can move as one
跳着它们自创的水下芭蕾
and choreograph their own aquatic ballet.
许多鱼群是由幼鱼组成
Many fish school as juveniles
有约一半以上种类的鱼都会在
and around half of all fish species form aggregations
生命中的某段时间聚集成群
at some point in their lifecycle.
就算是喜欢独行的鱼也会时不时的加入鱼群
Even fish that prefer their solitude join a school from time to time.
梭鱼在晚上独自猎食
Barracuda hunt on their own at night
但白天成群结伴以获得保护
but hang out in packs during the day for protection and company.
它们有尖尖的头和流线型的身体
With their pointed heads and streamlined bodies –
可以长到2米长
up to 2 meters long –
它们像箭一样一起穿越大海
they fly in unison through the blue like polished arrows.
群聚使得掠食者很难专注于一个目标
Schooling makes it hard for a predator to focus on one target
这是很好的防御机制
and is a great defense mechanism.
进食时 这也是一股不容忽视的力量
It’s also a force to be reckoned with when it comes to feeding.
少有浮游生物能逃脱张开的嘴的扫荡
Few plankton in the area will escape this sweep of open mouths,
比如这些罕见的滤食性鲭鱼施展的协同攻击
as these rare filter-feeding mackerel make their coordinated attack.
亿万年来 群聚行为曾在许多方面帮助鱼类
Over the eons, the art of schooling has helped fish in many ways.
但是现在 讽刺的是 它导致了鱼类的没落
But now, ironically, it contributes to their downfall.
下一次网就能捕捉到一吨♥鱼
Just one net can collect a ton of fish at once.
每年超过1亿吨♥海鱼被捕捞
And over 100 million tons of fish are hauled from the oceans each year.
大鱼群所剩无几
For the few big schools left,
穿过空旷的大海时 它们肯定感觉很怪异
it must feel quite eerie moving through so much empty liquid blue.
今天 对鱼群来说安全的地方
These days, one of the only safe places for schooling fish
只剩海洋保护区了
is a marine sanctuary.
自从建立保护区以来
Whenever sanctuaries have been established and policed,
鱼类数量缓慢增长
fish stocks have slowly increased,
这有助于恢复生物多样性
helping to restore biodiversity.
成功的保护区成为宝贵的时光胶囊
A successful sanctuary becomes a precious time capsule…
提醒我们海洋曾经是多么富饶
..a reminder of how rich the seas once were.
而且能再次变得富饶
And could be again.
和动物园不一样 海洋保护区没有围墙
Unlike a zoo, a marine sanctuary has no walls.
所以它不仅有能力恢复邻近区域
So it has the capacity to not only replenish the immediate area,
还能恢复周围的海域
but the oceans around it.
我们给自己的海域起了不同的名字
Because we have individual names for our oceans
还有领土边界
and have territorial borders,
但我们忘记了只有一个生态系统
we forget that there’s only one system.
只有一个海洋
There is only one sea.
海水 覆盖地球表面的70% 连接着所有生灵
Water, covering 70% of our planet’s surface, connects us all.
即使在极地发生的事也会影响到珊瑚
What occurs even in our polar regions will eventually affect coral.
相反 每一个新的海洋保护区都是
And, conversely, each new marine sanctuary is another powerful step
拯救海洋的有力步伐
towards saving our seas.
当你意识到
And when you consider
海洋构成了地球上99%的生物圈
that the global ocean makes up 99% of the living biosphere of the planet,
那么每一步都很有意义
every step counts.
由于对许多海洋生物来说
Because reefs are such important breeding grounds
珊瑚礁是非常重要的繁殖地
for so many marine creatures,
这可能是全新未来的起点
this is where a new future might lie.
复苏是个日常事务
Renewal here is a daily affair
并带来神奇的转变
and brings with it magical transformation.
这里 石斑鱼求爱时 身体颜色变红
Here, a coral cod blushes a different color when wooed by its mate.
蓬勃的珊瑚礁就像水中的彩虹
A thriving reef is an aquatic rainbow.
就像石斑鱼的皮肤
And like the skin of the coral cod,
这些颜色自有其意义与功能
these colors have meaning and function.
银色的鳞片反射光线
Silver scales reflect light
使鱼儿和水中背景融为一体
and allow fish to blend into their watery backgrounds.
大胆 强烈的颜色使鱼儿在鱼群中
Bold, strong colors allow fish to recognize their own species
辨认出自己的同类
in a crowd.
颜色也可表明它是幼年还是成年
Color also indicates whether a fish is a juvenile or adult,
有些鱼在性成熟时 颜色变化非常明显
and some fish change color quite radically as they mature.
一旦鱼儿成为配偶
Once fish are paired up,
它们用身体的姿态和颜色
they can then use body posturing and color displays
来传达自己的意图
to communicate their intentions.
雄鹦嘴鱼竖起背鳍恐吓其它雄性
A male parrotfish erects his dorsal fin to intimidate other males
给近旁那条模样完全不同的雌鱼留下好印象
and impress a nearby female who happens to look completely different.
珊瑚礁里 鱼儿都在寻找交♥配♥的机会
And all across the reef, fish are on the lookout for a chance to mate
以传承它们宝贵的基因
and pass on their precious genes.
和人类相比 大多数海洋生物的一生短暂而紧张
Most sea creatures have short, intense lives compared to ours.
有些鱼只有短短几年寿命
For some fish, a few years constitutes an entire lifetime.
所以 珊瑚礁中的每一天都很重要
So every good day on a reef is truly great.
10年好时光就更棒了
A good decade is even greater,
这使无数海洋生物有机会
the chance for countless marine creatures
将它们的生命发挥到淋漓尽致
to live their lives to the fullest
并繁衍后代
and give rise to new generations.
要在热带海洋中生存
In the quest to survive in these tropical seas,
动物们必须极富创造性
animals have had to be highly inventive
有时还要打破自然规律
and sometimes nature’s own rules are broken.
看看海马
Consider the seahorse.
这些拥有各种尺寸的神秘生物
These mystical creatures come in all sizes.
有的比你的手掌还大 有的却和你的指甲一样小
Some bigger than your palm, others as small as your fingernail.
最小巧的是侏儒海马
The daintiest of them all is the pygmy seahorse,
它们一辈子都绑在柳珊瑚上
whose life is completely bound to gorgonian coral.
海马家族有320种
The extended seahorse family consists of 320 species,
包括海龙 海马等
and includes pipefishes, pipehorses and sea dragons.
它们当中的大多数种类
In most species of pipefish and seahorse,
是由雄性养育后代
it’s the male that broods the young.
这特殊的养育方式不是唯一使它们与众不同的地方
It’s not just this unusual parenting that sets them apart.