北极（2012）

像如此雄伟壮观的自然景象
There are few truly wild places left
已经很少了
and none so majestic as this.
在冬天 北极光那活泼的舞蹈
In winter, endless darkness is brightened
照亮了无尽的黑暗
by the frisky dance of the northern lights.
零下三十度是正常的
And 30 below is the norm.
这对于北极熊一家来说 是个好天气
It’s lovely weather for polar bear families.
十五万年前
One hundred and fifty thousand years ago
一些棕熊向北迁徙
some brown bears moved north and gradually adapted.
为了伪装 它们的皮毛随着时间的推移
Over time, their fur turned white
而变白
for camouflage.
它们的鼻子变长
Their snouts got longer
嗅觉更灵敏
and their noses keener
甚至有一丝气味的晚餐 它们也能察觉的到
to detect even the slightest whiff of dinner.
这是个异常寒冷的世界
This is a cold, stark world
但对于北极熊妈妈和它的幼崽来说
but to polar bear mothers and cubs
是它们的天堂
it’s paradise.
因为它们在北极长大
Because they’re built for the Arctic
北极熊不是在任何地方都可以繁衍生息的
polar bears cannot thrive anywhere else.
它们的家在这 也只有这里
They’re at home here and only here.
北极熊总是
Polar bears have always hunted
在漂浮的海冰面上捕猎
from floating platforms of sea ice.
获取丰富的海豹肉盛宴
Feasting on rich seal meat
从而变成了世界上最大的熊
has made these the largest bears in the world.
但现在北极正逐渐变暖
But now the Arctic is warming
海冰也正在融化
and the sea ice is melting away.
想捕食到海豹也越来越困难了
making it harder than ever to catch seals.
这个变化
This warming
迫使北极熊离开了这片薄冰
has left the polar bears on thin ice.
少量的冰反射着太阳光线
The less ice there is to reflect the sun’s rays
加快了海洋变暖
the faster the ocean warms.
这就是北极变暖的速度比其他任何地方都要快两倍的原因
That’s why the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any other region.
在1980年
In 1980
夏季的海冰面覆盖了百分之25以上的海洋
the summer sea ice covered 25 percent more ocean
相比现在
than it does now.
如果目前的状况持续下去
If the current trend continues
到2050年
the Arctic Ocean could be free of sea ice each summer
每年夏天的北冰洋 将不在有海冰
by the year 2050.
即使我们不能阻止状态恶化 但我们可以缓解
Even if we can’t stop this loss, we can slow it down.
正如我们在气候变暖的区域释放的温室气体
Just as we release the greenhouse gases that are warming the region
我们可以减少这些状况的发生
we can help reduce them.
来自北极的洋流涌动
Ocean currents flow from the Arctic
不仅冷却了整个地球
and cool the entire planet.
还与我们息息相关
So we’re all closely connected to the top of the world.
与以往相比 大量的北极冰川正加剧融化
Most Arctic glaciers are melting faster than ever before.
讽刺的是 愈快的冰川融化
Ironically, the faster these glaciers melt
造就了愈多的冰川瀑布
the more majestic their waterfalls.
冰川之间的距离越来越大
The distance between ice packs is growing.
现如今 北极熊要走很长的路 才能搜寻到食物
Nowadays, a polar bear in search of sea ice often has further to go.
要游到很远
It can be a swim to nowhere.
当它们找不到海豹等食物时
When they can’t find seals to eat
熊妈妈只好凑合着找一些东西来吃
mothers make do with meager scraps.
一个熊妈妈曾经带着熊宝宝
One mother and her cub set out on the longest swim ever tracked.
连续不停地游了9天
The mother swam continuously for nine days
路途长达430英里
covering 430 miles.
但她的宝宝没有坚持下来
But her cub did not survive.
一些幼崽活了下来
Some cubs do survive
这得益于熊妈妈如果是一个聪明的清道夫
especially if the mother is a clever scavenger.
像北极熊一样
Like polar bears
北极变暖下的鸟儿们也在努力生存着
birds are struggling as the Arctic warms.
北极鸟类在它们的季节生活着
Arctic birds time their lives to the seasons.
因纽特人也是如此
So do the Inuit people
就像Simon Qamanirq
like Simon Qamanirq.
北极熊给我们的营地带来了惊喜
Polar bears surprise us in camp.
特别是在夏季的时候
Especially in the lean summer months.
我的父亲会看云向天气
My father could read the clouds.
他知道暴风雨何时来临
He knew when the storm was coming.
但现在古气候模式已发生改变
But now the ancient weather patterns have changed.
我们的祖父辈们 供养着他们的家庭
Our grandfathers fed their families well.
我的家人一直依赖于这冰和雪
My family has always depended on snow and ice.
如今冰雪逐渐融化时 我们可以适应调整
Nowadays when the ice melts, we can adjust
但北极熊们就没有这么幸运了
but the polar bears are not so lucky.
冰川将于今年晚些时候成型
The ice is forming later in the year
所以现在都是薄冰
so it’s thinner.
有时我们会从这通过
Sometimes we fall through.
我的朋友Adam Ravetch为了拍摄动物
My friend Adam Ravetch has been coming up here for 20 years
已经在这里20年了
to photograph the animals.
我很喜欢看熊妈妈带着她两岁的幼崽
I love it when a mom dances with her 2-year-old cub
脸贴着脸的跳舞
cheek to cheek.
北极熊是个很好的游泳健将
Polar bears are great swimmers
即使它们
even though they only use
只用前爪游
their gigantic front paws.
这些专职妈妈为了抚养它们的孩子
These dedicated mothers put over two years
奉献了两年的青春时光
into raising their young.
海象妈妈则需要花费更长时间
Walrus moms spend even longer.
海象爱吃贝类
Walrus love clams.
它们从漂浮的冰面俯冲下来
They dive down from rafts of ice
随波逐流 并随时获取
which drift along and carry them to fresh supplies
它们最爱的新鲜食物
of their favorite treat.
海冰慢慢融化
As sea ice melts
海象被困在了陆地上
walrus are stuck on land
一些妈妈为了它们的孩子必须游到更远处来寻找食物
so mothers must swim farther to find food for their young.
妈妈教给它们的孩子生存技能
Mothers teach their young survival skills
例如吓跑入侵者
such as scaring off intruders.
一位妈妈传递给我一个明确的信息
One mom sent me a very clear message:
“迷路”
“Get lost.”
北极的夏天 持续长达一个月的时间
Summer in the Arctic now lasts about a month longer.
海象与饥饿的北极熊都在等待着
Walrus and hungry bears
等待着海面冻结
wait and wait for the sea to freeze over.
公熊变得浮躁
The males get restless
并开始互相打斗
and start sparring.
彼此之间互相试探着技巧
They’re testing each other’s skills.
这很有趣
It’s fun.
当不在交♥配♥季节时
When it’s not
这些竞争对手之间也会互相帮助
mating season, these fierce rivals are content to live and let live.
熊们必须夺回
The bears need
它们的狩猎场 现在的海面
to get back out to their hunting grounds now that the sea ice is
终于冻结了
finally freezing over.
水温冰冷异常
This water is literally as cold as ice.
盐阻止了海水的冻结
The salt keeps it from freezing.
这些海葵看起来很健康
These sea anemones look healthy.
但远在千里之外的我们释放的温室气体
But the greenhouse gases we release thousands of miles
所产生的大量酸性物质来到了这里
away have made the Arctic Ocean more acidic.
在这下面只有一条出口
Down here, there’s only one exit
这是很恐怖的 想象一下 你可能会被困住
and it’s pretty scary thinking you could be trapped.
冰面下潜水是需要一定勇气的
Diving beneath the ice takes courage.
但是为了人类 冒着生命危险来探索北极
But for the people who devote their lives to studying the Arctic
是他们工作的一部分
taking risks is part of the job.
在阿♥拉♥斯加的每年春季
Each spring in Alaska
大量成群的驯鹿在漫长的迁徙
large herds of caribou set out on a long journey.
从没有人跟踪过整个迁徙路线
No one has ever tracked the entire migration on foot
直到现在
until now.
Leanne Allison 一个制片人
Leanne Allison, a filmmaker
与 Karsten Heuer 一个生物学家
and Karsten Heuer, a biologist
计划随兽群生活五个月
plan to live with the herd for five months.
我们这次的旅程将追随母驯鹿经过的地方
We’re gonna do this trip to see what the caribou mothers go through
并从它们的视角来观察此次迁徙
and to see this migration from their perspective.
这就像我们的蜜月一样
And it’s gonna be our honeymoon as well.
度蜜月?
Honeymoon?
这对新婚夫妇将跟随者驯鹿
These newlyweds will follow the caribou
一直到达它们的繁衍栖息地
all the way to their birthing grounds.