所以当扫动指向你的时候
So when the sweep is pointed right at you,
你会感受到它的全部强度
you get the full intensity of it.
然后，大约一分钟后，它又来一次
And then, about a minute later, it does it again.
（雷诺兹） 我们开始调查
(Reynolds) We began to investigate.
我们发现他们没有许可证
We learned that they had no permits.
他们没有做任何环境评估
They’d done no environmental reviews.
他们没有在计划中
There were no safeguards,
加入任何保护海洋环境的安全措施
uh, built into the program to protect the marine environment.
（麦克亚当斯） 主动声呐对鲸鱼和海豚的影响
(McAdams) The impact of active sonar on whales and dolphins
已经在巴哈马事件和其他一些导致动物死亡的事件中
has been clearly documented in the Bahamas case
清楚地记录在案
and others where animals have been killed.
（男） 当生物学家研究它们的尸体时
(Man) When biologists have studied their bodies,
他们看到了一系列非常令人不安的病变
they have seen an array of very disturbing pathologies.
脑部出血
Bleeding around the brain, uh,
器官组织损伤
lesions in organ tissue,
都与减压病或气压过高相一致
all consistent with, uh, decompression sickness or the bends.
潜水员知道他们在结束潜水时
Divers know that they have to surface gradually, uh,
必须逐渐浮出水面
when they’re ending a dive.
否则，血液中的氮气会积累到损伤身体的程度
Otherwise, nitrogen can build up in the blood to the point where it damages the body.
这正是似乎正在发生在喙鲸身上的事情
That is precisely what seems to be happening to beaked whales.
（鲍尔科姆） 它们是深水动物
(Balcomb) They’re deep‐water animals,
突然间就离开了水面
all of a sudden they just leave the water.
而现在它们无法减压了
And now they can’t decompress.
（贾斯尼） 巴哈马搁浅事件发生后
(Jasny) After the Bahamas strandings occurred,
海军声称与之无关
the Navy denied it was involved.
花了将近两年的时间他们才承认其过失
It took the better part of 2 years for it to admit culpability.
海军作战部长
The chief of naval operations,
海军首脑
the head guy,
最终被说服
was convinced, finally,
是的，这是他们的错
that, uh, yeah, that it’s their fault.
是他们干的
They did it.
（男）世界上还有许多其他国家的海军
(Man) There are many other navies in the world
使用这种同样的技术来探测潜艇
that use this same kind of technology to detect submarines.
当然，他们中的许多人都是效仿我们的
Many of them follow our lead, of course.
这是一个真正意义上的全球性问题
It’s a global problem in its truest sense.
（男）海洋噪音可能造成的最明显的影响
(Man) Probably the most visible effect of ocean noise, uh,
就是一系列鲸鱼在世界各地的海滩上搁浅的事件
has been this series of mass strandings of whales on the beaches around the world.
一次又一次，在巴哈马
Time and again, in the Bahamas,
在加那利群岛，在西班牙，在希腊
in the canary islands, off Spain, off Greece,
沿着海岸不断发生
they have turned up along the coast.
美国海军在我们开始起诉他们之前
The Navy was acting lawlessly for years, uh,
已经违法行事了好几年
before we started taking them to court.
要和美国海军对抗，可不是一件容易的事情
It’s not an easy thing to… to fight the U. S. Navy.
我想我们很多人都把海军看作是为公众利益行事的人
I think a lot of us look at the Navy as people acting in the public interest.
但是不得不去追究他们的责任，这有点让人痛苦
And it’s a little painful to have to go after them.
但是一旦我们这样做了
But once we did, uh,
他们就开始进行环境评估
they started doing environmental reviews.
他们开始申请许可证
They started getting permits.
他们开始了一个研究项目
They started a research program
这个项目现在可能是地球上最大的海洋哺乳动物研究资金来源
which is now the largest source of marine mammal research funds, probably, on the planet.
问题是要让海军在研究之外做更多的事情
The trick is to get the Navy to move beyond research.
我们有足够的理由要求
We’re at the point where we know enough to say
海军做更多的事情来减少它们的活动对环境造成的伤害
that the Navy has to do more to reduce harm from its exercises.
（雷诺兹）我们认为保卫美国和保护环境之间不存在矛盾
(Reynolds) We don’t believe there’s an inconsistency between defending the United States and protecting the environment.
鲸鱼和其他海洋生物不应该为军事训练买♥♥单
Whales and other marine life should not die for practice.
（麦克亚当斯）在巴哈马搁浅事件发生三年后
(McAdams) Three years after the Bahamas stranding,
肯·鲍尔科姆在华盛顿州的新家观察虎鲸
Ken Balcomb was watching orcas from his new home in Washington state.
（鲍尔科姆）船只大约在3英里外
(Balcomb) The ship was about 3 miles out.
就像是巴哈马事件的重现
It was just, like, deja vu of the Bahamas.
（麦克亚当斯）在巴哈马搁浅事件发生三年后
(McAdams) Three years after the Bahamas stranding,
肯·鲍尔科姆在华盛顿州的新家观察虎鲸
Ken Balcomb was watching orcas from his new home in Washington state.
（鲍尔科姆）就像是巴哈马事件的重现
(Balcomb) It was just, like, deja vu of the Bahamas.
我简直目瞪口呆
Uh, I was just dumbfounded.
是的
Yeah.
[声纳尖叫]
[Sonar screeching]
关掉那该死的东西
Shut the damn thing off.
[声纳尖叫]
[Sonar screeching]
在船只开始使用声纳之前
Before the ship started utilizing its sonar,
鲸鱼们都在这个岛的南端的鲑鱼浅滩觅食
the whales were feeding at salmon bank, south end of this island.
有些非常不寻常的事情发生了
Something very unusual was happening.
所有鲸鱼成群结队聚集
All the whales gathered together in groups
非常靠近岸边
and went very close to the shore.
我们开始看到鼠海豚
We started seeing every porpoise.
它们都在飞速游动
They were all just streaking,
尽可能快地逃离声音
as fast as they could go, away from the sound.
还有一只小须鲸也在逃离声音
And a minke whale was going away from the sound.
（麦克亚当斯）海军声纳就像一个巨大的捕食者
(McAdams) Navy sonar is like an enormous predator.
当鲸鱼听到它时，有些会不说话，停止觅食
When whales hear it, some go silent, stop foraging
并放弃它们的栖息地
and abandon their habitat.
反复暴露在声纳下，会对整个种群造成伤害
Repeated exposure to sonar can harm whole populations.
你不需要有一个水听器来听到声纳
You didn’t have to have a hydrophone to hear the sonar.
我们在门廊上都几乎无法忍♥受
It was virtually unbearable for us on the porch.
我无法想象它在水下是什么样子
I can’t imagine what it must’ve been like underwater.
在接下来的几天里
In the following days, 11 porpoises
11头鼠海豚被发现死在海滩上
were found on the beach, dead.
一位海军上将抱怨
You know, one of the complaints from an admiral was that,
“嗯，你知道，我们不能担心那些鱼，”
“well, you know, we can’t worry about the fish.”
据我所知没人会加入海军
Nobody comes in the Navy, that I know of,
为了伤害一头鲸鱼
to say they wanna hurt a whale.
当我在海军服役时
When I was in the Navy, I had the honor
我有幸指挥过3艘军舰…
of commanding 3 warships…
当过13艘军舰的准将
The commodore of 13 warships
海军水面部队的参谋长
and then chief of staff of naval surface forces.
如果知道有一只鲸鱼在附近
If you know that there is a whale in the area,
除非在打仗
unless you’re at war,
会尽量避免使用那些声纳
you’re… you’re trying to avoid using those sonars.
[声纳尖叫]
[Sonar screeching]
（男）中频声纳可以很响
(Man) Mid‐frequency sonar can be pretty loud.
向水中发出声音会对居住在海洋中的鲸鱼
Putting sound in the water can have an impact
和其他哺乳动物产生影响
upon whales and other mammals that inhabit the ocean.
同时也要理解
It’s also important to understand
这种声音寻找的是潜在的敌人
that what the sound is looking for are a potential enemy
他们的目的是杀死水手和摧毁我们的船只
whose intent is to kill sailors and destroy our ships.
（帕克）如果我们不擅长反潜作战，所面临的风险
(Parker) What’s at stake if we are not good at anti‐submarine warfare
不仅是美国民众和我们的朋友及盟友失去生命的威胁
is not only the threat of loss of life of America’s sons and daughters and our friends and allies,
还有那些我们投资的大型船只
but also those capital ships that we invest in.
船只很昂贵
Ships are expensive,
而且显然人类是无法替代的
and obviously human beings can’t be replaced.
所以我们必须非常擅长反潜作战
So we have to be very good at anti‐submarine warfare.
（霍尼格曼）我不认为国♥家♥安♥全♥
(Honigman) I don’t believe that National Security
和环境保护之间存在任何矛盾
and Environmental Protection are inconsistent at all.
我认为这两个原则之间必须有一个平衡点
I think there has to be an accommodation between those two principles,
海军可以以对环境影响最小的方式运转
where the Navy can operate in a way that has the minimal impact upon the environment
并且仍然能够完成其训练和必要时的任务
and still perform its training and, if necessary, its mission.
我们都重视安全
We all value security.
但是我们必须从更广泛的角度来考虑安全问题
We have to think of security, however, in the broader terms
就像我们对待生命支持系统一样
of what we’re doing to our life support system.
这意味着要把海洋中的生命
And that means considering life in the ocean
作为我们生活可能的一部分来考虑
as a part of what makes our lives possible.
[噪音不断增强]
[Cacophony crescendos]
（鲍尔科姆）我们无法支持以目前速度增长的人口
(Balcomb) We can’t support the human population, at the rate we’re growing,
随着生态系统的衰退
with a diminishing ecosystem.
[鲸鱼的歌♥声]
[Whale song]
它们是海洋是否健康的信♥号♥♥
And they’re the sentinels of whether or not it’s healthy out there.
杀死它们是不明智的
Killing ’em off is not sensible.
我们典型的模式是维持现状
The typical mode that we all have is status quo.
某种角度，什么都不做比做一些事情更容易
It’s easier, in some ways, not to do anything than it is do something.
所以，我们处于一个转折点
So, we are at this tipping point.
这是一个我们可以解决的问题
This is a problem that we can solve.
问题在于我们是否有解决它的政♥治♥意愿
The question is whether we have the political will to solve it.