scrutiny

scrutiny

基本释义

[noun] critical observation or examination
[名词] 审慎的观察或检查

深入解读

Scrutiny 一词源自晚期拉丁语 scrutinium （搜查、调查，该词在中古拉丁语中类似小站之前推送过的 ballot 指“无记名的投票方式”），15世纪初进入英语后先是指“在选举过程中进行个人投票”，对应今义指选举新教皇时“红衣主教所投下的一张选票”。

等到了17世纪后， scrutiny 才开始用来表示现在的主要含义，指“仔细检查、认真彻底的审查”，作为正式用语使用，强调密切观察和关注细节，比如：

• 他那站不住脚的观点经不起认真推敲。
  His feeble argument doesn’t really stand up to scrutiny.
• 由于通货膨胀问题已经到了极其严重的地步，政府的货币政策近来受到了认真彻底的审查。
  Monetary policy has come under close scrutiny recently since the problem of inflation had reached epic proportions.

此外， scrutiny 也可以单纯用来表示“细看、细阅”这个动作，与 glance （匆匆一看、迅速瞥一眼、扫视）相反，以及引申表示“密切关注”或“监视、监督”，比如：

• 那个羞怯的女孩觉得有人在仔细打量她，一看原来是她的姐姐。
  The timid girl felt herself under scrutiny and caught her sister’s eyes upon her.
• 他的私生活受到媒体的密切关注。不过，他的私生活没有爆出过一丁点儿的丑闻。
  His private life came under media scrutiny. However, not a whiff of scandal had ever tainted his private life.

而从 scrutiny 衍生出来的动词 scrutinize 或 scrutinise 则相应表示“仔细察看、认真检查、细致审查”，比如：

• 她探身向前，端详他们的面容。
  She leaned forward to scrutinize their faces.

好书例句

Excitedly, he envisaged his headless Naseem tingling beneath the scrutiny of his eyes, his thermometer, his stethoscope, his fingers, and trying to build a picture in her mind of him.
他满心兴奋，心中想象着这个脑袋不知是什么样子的纳西姆在他的眼睛、体温计、听诊器和他的手指的诊治下面红耳赤的神态，她心中也正努力试图勾画出他的模样来。

出自印裔英国作家萨尔曼·鲁西迪（Salman Rushdie，又译萨尔曼·拉什迪）在1981年出版的长篇小说《午夜之子》（Midnight’s Children）。

外刊例句

• Powerful companies can be a boon to customers, but they still deserve scrutiny.
  实力强大的公司可以成为消费者的福音，但仍需对它们密切留意。
  ——《经济学人》
• Ms. Calvery said The Times investigation had been important in raising awareness about problems with shell companies and in convincing the Treasury that more scrutiny of high-end buyers is needed.
  卡尔韦里表示，时报的调查起到了重要作用，它使空壳公司问题受到了更多重视，有助于说服财政部，需要对高端买主开展更多审查。
  ——《纽约时报》

深度学习

scrutiny (SCROO tin ee) From the Middle English for “to take a formal vote,” this noun means “careful examination or study” or “close observa-tion.” On the other hand, something that is “inscrutable,” is “difficult to understand” or “impenetrable.” The verb form is “to scrutinize.”

• The orthopedist scrutinized Carol’s X-rays in search of a cause for her excruciating shoulder pain, but she could find nothing out of the ordinary in the images.
• After careful scrutiny of the crime scene, the detective determined that the burglar must have entered through the kitchen door with a key since there were no signs of forced entry.

——摘自《Fiske WordPower: The Most Effective System for Building a Vocabulary That Gets Results Fast》

机器翻译，仅供参考

常见短语

“scrutiny” 是一个英语词汇，指的是仔细审查、详细检查。以下是与这个词相关的 50 个短语，附带中文解释：

1. Intense scrutiny – 强烈的审查
2. Close scrutiny – 严密的检查
3. Under scrutiny – 在审查之下
4. scrutiny process – 审查过程
5. scrutiny committee – 审查委员会
6. Thorough scrutiny – 彻底的审查
7. Judicial scrutiny – 司法审查
8. Rigorous scrutiny – 严格的审查
9. Public scrutiny – 公众监督
10. scrutiny report – 审查报告
11. scrutiny mechanism – 审查机制
12. scrutiny panel – 审查小组
13. scrutiny phase – 审查阶段
14. scrutiny process – 审查过程
15. scrutiny standards – 审查标准
16. scrutiny guidelines – 审查指南
17. Intensive scrutiny – 密切审查
18. scrutiny review – 审查审查
19. scrutiny framework – 审查框架
20. scrutiny scope – 审查范围
21. External scrutiny – 外部审查
22. Regulatory scrutiny – 监管审查
23. Legislative scrutiny – 立法审查
24. scrutiny process – 审查流程
25. scrutiny assessment – 审查评估
26. scrutiny outcomes – 审查结果
27. scrutiny criteria – 审查标准
28. scrutiny methodology – 审查方法论
29. scrutiny findings – 审查发现
30. scrutiny parameters – 审查参数
31. scrutiny conclusion – 审查结论
32. scrutiny findings – 审查结果
33. scrutiny practice – 审查实践
34. scrutiny process – 审查程序
35. Ongoing scrutiny – 持续审查
36. scrutiny framework – 审查框架
37. scrutiny approach – 审查方法
38. scrutiny guidelines – 审查指引
39. scrutiny practices – 审查实践
40. scrutiny process – 审查过程
41. scrutiny standards – 审查标准
42. scrutiny evaluation – 审查评估
43. Comprehensive scrutiny – 全面审查
44. scrutiny parameters – 审查参数
45. scrutiny outcomes – 审查结果
46. scrutiny findings – 审查发现
47. scrutiny conclusions – 审查结论
48. Rigorous scrutiny – 严格审查
49. Close scrutiny – 密切审查
50. scrutiny phase – 审查阶段

同近义词

audit: a systematic review or assessment of something
inspection: careful examination or scrutiny
exploration: thorough examination of a subject