国家美术馆（2014）

我希望它们也能对你们有帮助
So I want them to do that for you.
现在我要坦率地告诉大家
Now, I am going to be sort of blunt about this,
因为这是你们都要知道的一点
because it’s important that you know this.
这些藏品是是建立在奴隶制的基础上的
The collection is founded on slavery.
约翰·朱利叶斯·安格斯坦 曾经拥有这些藏品的主要部分
John Julius Angerstein, who had the nucleus of the collection,
他曾为劳埃德保险社效力 该保险社
worked for Lloyd’s who were insurers against
反对奴隶选举
slave votes.
有一点非常重要 大家一定要知道
And it’s very important that people absolutely understand that
有许多机构 不论是泰特美术馆
a lot of the institutions – whether you’re talking Tate,
又或者大英博物馆
whether you’re talking British Museum, erm –
许多大型机构都是通过金钱创立的
a lot of the big institutions are founded from money.
这些是我们需要知道的
And it’s something, obviously, that should never be forgotten,
决不能忘记的事
and should always be understood.
并且英国
And also Britain’s
英国曾经在其中扮演的不光彩的角色
very, very shameful part in that,
也不应该被遗忘
shouldn’t, obviously, be forgotten, either.
我们首先来看斯塔布斯
Let’s start first with Stubbs,
他是一位杰出的专门画马的画家
the great horse-painter.
当你看到这幅马肖像作品的时候
You look at this portrait
很难想象
of a horse, and it’s hard to imagine
这出自一个没有经过
that this is painted by someone
正规美术训练的人之手
that didn’t really particularly train as an artist.
他基本是自学成才
He was largely self-taught.
他建立了自己的职业 首先他是一名肖像画家
He established a career, first, as a portrait painter,
其次他也是一名解剖学家
and as an anatomist.
他曾在约克医院学习过解剖
He studied anatomy at York hospital,
最后却只能给助产学新书
and ended up drawing illustrations for a new book on midwifery –
画图解
or “Midwife-ery” –
所以在某种程度上 他已经成为了一名艺术家
so he’s already established himself as an artist in one way.
但是后来 在1756年的时候
But, then, he set himself down for 18 months, in a farmhouse –
他去乡下农家住了十八个月
this was in 1756 –
用一年半的时间 专心于
and devoted that time – a year and a half –
研究马的解剖结构
to studying the anatomy of horses.
他住的离一家制革厂很近 他们把兽皮剥下
He was close to a tannery that took the hide’s off of them,
把马的尸体给了他
and they gave him the corpses of these horses.
在这间农舍里 他简易组装了
And he rigged up, in this farmhouse,
一个铁台和一个滑轮装置
a great iron bar and pulley systems
他在马腿下放了木头板子
and he would put planks of wood underneath the horses legs –
以便他用钩子把马悬吊起来
so that he would suspend them, literally, from hooks
像块肉一样 挂在天花板上
on a ceiling like a piece of meat,
然后他就开始动笔
and then would start to go about drawing
将他所有看到的肌肉和筋腱都画下来
all of the muscles that he could see, and the tendons,
然后他会解剖
and then he would scalpel away,
除去另一层肌肉
and lift away another layer of muscles
开始画下面一层的东西
and draw what was underneath,
直到最后只剩一堆骨架
until he eventually got to the skeleton,
然后他也会把白骨画下来
and then he would animate that.
他会画下或者记下笔记
He would draw and write notes.
斯塔布斯的所作所为 在当时是轰动一时的
So this was big news, what Stubbs was doing.
我数学学得很不好
I’m very bad at maths.
我像你这么大的时候学得就不好 现在还是很不好
I was bad at maths at your age, I’m bad at maths at my age,
我的数学一直都很差 尽管我很想改变
I will always be bad maths, I think, though I’d like to change.
我之所以喜欢艺术胜过数学的原因就是
And the reason why I like art rather than maths,
尽管它们都是相关联的
although they are connected somehow,
在艺术上没有唯一的正确的答案
is that in art you can be right in lots of different ways
但是数学 只有一个正确答案
but in maths can only really be right once.
其他的都是错误的
Otherwise you’re wrong.
我真的很喜欢艺术的这一点
I do really like that about art.
虽然我想跟你们分享这幅画的原因之一
And one reason why I wanted to show you this painting
是想讨论有关圣人的事情
is to talk about saints and things,
但除此之外 我还想讲讲故事
but also to talk about storytelling,
因为我觉得那非常非常重要
because I think that’s really, really important.
想象一幅画
Think about the way that a painting,
不管是这幅
whether it’s this painting
这幅画由贝利尼创作的
this is by an artist called Bellini –
或者我们接下来将要看到的
or it’s Diana and Actaeon or it’s death of Actaeon,
戴安娜和阿克泰翁 也叫阿克泰翁之死
which we’re going to be seeing,
又或是 酒神巴克斯和阿里阿德涅
or it is Bacchus and Ariadne –
一幅画作只能在单一的画面中讲述故事
a painting has got to tell it’s whole story in a single image.
一本书或一首诗则有得是时间
A book or a poem has time.
但是绘画是缺乏时间的
The one thing that paintings don’t have is time.
你们明白我的意思吗
Do you know what I mean?
一部电影在两个多小时之内讲一个故事
So a film unfolds over two hours.
所以有时间介绍角色
You’ve got time to introduce characters,
你有时间看故事情节跌宕起伏
you’ve got time to show the plot going in and out.
一本书 一部巨作 可能会花上你六个月来读
A book, a huge book, can take you six months to read –
甚至更久 是不是
or longer, can’t it? Can do. Can do.
也就是说 你花六个月的时间了解这个故事
It means you’re living with the story for six months.
情节跌宕起伏 迂回前进
And it goes in and out, it weaves around,
不断有新角色的加入 发生不同的事情
new characters are introduced, different things happen…
那也都是有时间的 但是一幅画是没有时间的
That’s got time, too. But a painting doesn’t have time.
一幅画可以以光的速度为你讲述一个故事
A painting has the speed of light to tell you the story.
欣赏一幅画是需要时间的
It has the time it takes to see the painting.
所以讲述一副画的故事也是项了不起的技能
So telling a story in a painting is incredibly skilful.
所以我想再多想一点点
So I want to think a little bit more,
在我们欣赏提香的作品之前 我们马上就会看到的
before we move on to Titian, which we will do soon,
想想这个艺术家到底是怎样讲故事的
about how this artist tells the story.
画面中还有什么
What else is in the painting?
你能想到原因吗
Can you think of a reason?
因为在真实的故事里
Because in the actual story
没有伐木工人
there’s no woodcutters.
在那个故事中 只有圣彼得和他的随从
In the story, there’s just St Peter Martyr and his assistant,
那个随从正在逃走
who you can see there escaping.
他们沿着木头走
They’re walking alongside a wood,
在意大利北部 靠近米兰的地方
near Milan in northern Italy,
在那里 他们遭到了此刻的伏击
when they were set upon by assassins.
有一名刺客杀了圣彼得
One assassin killed St Peter Martyr
圣彼得因此丧命
and as St Peter Martyr was dying,
他在地上用血写了 我相信
he wrote “I believe” In blood on the ground.
而他在这幅画里没有这样做
Now, he’s not doing it in this one,
但在伦敦的另一家美术馆里
but there’s another version
有这个场景的另一个版本
of this scene in another gallery in London,
这个美术馆叫做考陶尔德美术馆
a place called the Courtauld Gallery,
在那幅画里 他写下了血字我相信
where he is writing “I believe” In blood.
这其实是非常阴森可怕的 不是吗
It’s quite… It’s quite gruesome, isn’t it?
这是一个非常可怕的故事 但也挺感人的
Quite a gruesome story. But quite moving, as well.
另一个人逃跑了
The other guy escapes.
其实没有伐木工人什么事
No mention of woodcutters!
毫不相干
Totally irrelevant.
你觉得作者为什么要把他放入画中呢
Why do you think he put them in?
还占了这么大的空间
And they take so much space!
伐木工人和与他们相关的
The woodcutters and what they’re involved with –
也就是木头 占据了这幅画的大部分
in other words, the wood – take up, like, most of the painting.
他为什么这样做
Why did he do that? Yeah?
也许是因为这样就能给画作添加更多的特点
Maybe because it gives the painting a little bit more character.
这确实也起到了效果 给这幅画添了很多特点
Definitely gives the painting more character. It totally does.
大家想一想
Think about this…
一个悲剧 如果周围的人
A tragic event, perhaps made more tragic,
根本没有意识到发生了什么的话 会变得更加悲剧
if there are people around who don’t recognise what’s going on.
他们不认为这是个悲剧
Who don’t see it as a tragedy.
我在想一个例子 你们有没有
I’m trying to think of an example. I wonder if you…
你们可能知道这个例子 我不清楚
You might know an example, I don’t know.
比如 在莎士比亚的戏剧中经常出现
It happens a lot in plays by Shakespeare, for example.
会出现一些完全不知情的人 他们会问
There are people that don’t really know what’s happening and go,
发生什么了 有副 呃
“Oh, what’s happening over there?” There’s, erm…
有副很好的画 但是没有收藏在这里
There’s a lovely painting that’s not actually in this gallery,
伊卡洛斯的坠落
but it’s a painting of the fall of Icarus.
伊卡洛斯是造了翅膀的人
Icarus is the one that made the wings…
那个飞得离太阳太近的人
The one who flew too close to the sun?
非常棒的画 那副画的大部分
Fantastic painting, where almost all of the painting,